A Discussion on Empirical Micro-Bases of Hayek’s Methodological Individualism

There are essential differences in ‘methodological individualism(MI)’ between neoclassic economics and Hayek’s theory. On basis of The Sensory Order, this paper shows relations between Hayek’s MI and it, the micro-bases of Hayek’s MI from contemporarily empirical disciplines, and some viewpoints verified by succeeding ones; then points out some questions that need to be answered henceforth between Hayek’s theory and interdisciplinary studies in modern economics. It is concluded that Hayek’s MI has its empirical micro-bases, and that his interdisciplinary exploration in the youth can help advance modern economics.methodological individualism; Hayek; the sensory order; empirical micro-bases; interdisciplinary research in economics

An Explanation to Individual Knowledge and Behavior Based on Empirical Substrates

Using recent findings from modern empirical disciplines and mainly building on F.A.Hayek’s thoughts, the paper gives a definition of knowledge in accord with the Austrian School’s tradition, and basing on the definition, it sums up three behavior assumptions and a framework on explaining individual behavior and expounds ideas on hierarchical knowledge and its change in real situations. By this way, the paper believes that the Austrian School can be greatly advanced with the help of modern empirical findings.knowledge, shared knowledge, hierarchy, behavioral assumption, reduced framework, empirical foundation

N,N-Diethyl-N′-phenyl­acetyl­thio­urea

The title thio­urea mol­ecule, C13H18N2OS, adopts a folded conformation due to the steric hindrance of the two ethyl groups and the acetyl group. In the crystal structure, the acetyl O atom is not involved in hydrogen bonding, but inter­molecular N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers

Study of the quasi-two-body decays B^{0}_{s} \rightarrow \psi(3770)(\psi(3686))\pi^+\pi^- with perturbative QCD approach

In this note, we study the contributions from the S-wave resonances, f_{0}(980) and f_{0}(1500), to the B^{0}_{s}\rightarrow \psi(3770)\pi^ {+}\pi^{-} decay by introducing the S-wave \pi\pi distribution amplitudes within the framework of the perturbative QCD approach. Both resonant and nonresonant contributions are contained in the scalar form factor in the S-wave distribution amplitude \Phi^S_{\pi\pi}. Since the vector charmonium meson \psi(3770) is a S-D wave mixed state, we calculated the branching ratios of S-wave and D-wave respectively, and the results indicate that f_{0}(980) is the main contribution of the considered decay, and the branching ratio of the \psi(2S) mode is in good agreement with the experimental data. We also take the S-D mixed effect into the B^{0}_{s}\rightarrow \psi(3686)\pi^ {+}\pi^{-} decay. Our calculations show that the branching ratio of B^{0}_{s}\rightarrow \psi(3770)(\psi(3686))\pi^ {+}\pi^{-} can be at the order of 10^{-5}, which can be tested by the running LHC-b experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

Exploring Health Education Delivered to Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Admitted to a Shanghai Hospital

Introduction Patients with both acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are the focus of this thesis. Together these conditions represent a substantial burden of illness within Western and now Eastern countries. Patients presenting with multiple conditions are frequently encountered within clinical practice, with often poorer clinical outcomes than those with a single condition. The challenge of delivering health education is substantial when patients experience two or more health conditions. Within China, health education is provided principally during the acute admission period, often for ACS. In this unique cultural setting, there has been little research about the delivery by health professionals of health education to patients with both ACS and T2DM. Aims The aims of this research are to gain an understanding of the current health education delivered by health care professionals and received by patients with ACS and T2DM within Shanghai. In particular the impact of such education on patients’ behavioural change, clinical outcomes, and self-efficacy and self-management was examined. Methods An umbrella systematic review was conducted including 51 eligible reviews (15 for ACS and 36 for T2DM). This was followed by a qualitative study of 15 health professionals’ experience of delivering health education to this patient group (Study 1). Finally, a mixed methods study of delivering health education to this patient group (Study 1). Finally, a mixed methods study of patients, including a cross-sectional survey (n = 160), patient health care record audit of clinical outcomes (n = 160), and two interviews with patients at discharge and at follow-up (n = 21) in the community, was conducted. The study setting was a coronary care unit (CCU) within a major referral hospital within Shanghai, China. Data were collected from July 2016 to March 2017. Perceived health education received was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) ranging from 1 (little or no education) to 100 (comprehensive education) in the survey for patients. The survey for patients was followed by a semi-structured interview before discharge and a telephone-based follow-up interview up to four weeks after discharge from hospital. Twenty-one of the 160 patients completed the survey and participated in the two semi-structured interviews